First, the U-shaped valley and the inverted stone pile turned from the Qinghai-Tibet Highway into a soft alpine meadow where we couldn’t drive into the area. We got out of the car and hired yak to move on. There was no snow accumulated all year long. Both gneiss and gneiss hills are very round. We entered the mountain along a creek formed by the meltwater of a glacier, but this valley is clearly U-shaped, and there are a large number of complex ancient hailstones on both sides and valleys. The hailstones are generally composed of 20-30cm gravel. Huge boulders can sometimes be seen, loosely spliced ​​and loosely regulated. Although the valley is occupied by a small river at this time, according to the above evidence, it can be concluded that the previous glaciers had been used here to form such folded U-shaped valleys.
On both sides of the U-shaped valley, many inverted three-long, two-rock piles were formed where there were no developed glaciers. The inverted rock piles formed due to the effects of cold weathering are of different sizes, but they are composed of large and small mixed, slightly sorted, and unpolished gravels. There are obvious signs of collapse on the exposed base slopes.
2. Overview of modern glaciers The strong role of the Quaternary glaciers has led to the development of many high and steep angle peaks and U-shaped valleys in the mountainous uplift of the Himalayan Himalayan movement. The central peak height is 7117 meters, and the east peak height is 7046 meters. The shape of Dongfeng resembles that of Mount Everest.
The glacier near the Central Peak is a concentrated and relatively large group of glaciers. It extends about 50 kilometers from the central peak to the northeast and southwest, and is gradually pinched. Its center is composed of four peaks of more than 7,000 meters. Glacier, the largest about 5 km.
The development of the glaciers here is greatly affected by the terrain. The northwest slopes with steep cliffs develop overhanging glaciers, while the more moderate southeast slopes develop a large number of horizontal glaciers. The location of the glaciers is generally higher. The end of the glaciers in the valley is generally 5,300-5,400 meters high. The end of the glaciers can be as high as 5,600-5,700 meters, and the snow-capped lines are as high as 5,800 meters. The sides and ends of modern glaciers are well developed and preserved. The height of the levees is generally 50 to 100 meters. The signs of glaciers' pauses and retreats are fresh and obvious. The ancient glaciers, which are roughly horseshoe shaped, are widely distributed. According to these geomorphological features, the glaciers on the Nyainqentanglha Mountain once retreated strongly and are still shrinking.
Ice collapses and avalanches are common in Nyainqentanglha Mountain. Because of the steep terrain on the mountains, ice and snow often hang on the cliffs. When the snow thickness increases and the temperature changes, the huge ice cubes fall down from the cliffs and new ice cliffs appear. We saw a lot of avalanches on the opposite hillside during the mountaineering. In the steep slopes and northwest slopes, snow cannot remain on the slopes. Only snow peaks accumulate on the mountain peaks and are developed into spectacular snowballs by the powerful northwesterly winds. The central peak is such a huge ferret. See photos). Such strong ice collapses and avalanches are rare in other mountain systems. Ice collapse and avalanche are one of the sources of noon supply for modern glaciers. Ice and snow that have collapsed accumulate on the back wall of the snow basin. After being compacted and recrystallized, they become the source of glaciers.
Third, the observation of the ice surface and glaciers. Take the glacier in the southeast of the East Peak as an example. The glacier is a shrinking ice hopper, which is about 2 kilometers long. The glacier terminal is about 5,500 meters high and flows southeast. The snow line is 5700 meters high. . The end of the glaciers is strongly dissipated, with tall ice-tower forests, some as high as 6 meters, and an ice-water lake at the front. Glacial ice and ice cracks develop on the ice, and there is basically no snow, and there is some snow at the lower part. There are also some surface flaws on the ice surface. Due to the presence of these surface flaws, the glaciers undergo differential ablation and form a honeycomb surface. Glacier side grate is also very developed, with a side elevation of about 10 meters.
There are less obvious ice collapses on the leading edge of the snow basin, with blue and blue ice layers exposed; behind it is an avalanche, ice-collapse material falling on a cliff, and there are some weathered and frozen weather in the snow basin. The bedrock material that has collapsed is represented by glacier surface flaws and internal flaws.
Because of the high altitude of the glaciers and the low temperatures, the amount of ablation is not very large. The ice surface is only a small ice stream, but the glaciers have a wide erosional channel that develops on the pebble slope. The glaciers had once been strongly melted before. The glaciers have not seen the phenomenon of pollution. The glaciers have pure and transparent glacial ice inside. The structure of the ice is compact and brittle. The shell-shaped fractures can be seen when it breaks, and the bubbles in the ice are flat and horizontally arranged. On the cliff above 6,500 meters behind the snow basin, a layer of horizontal layered layers appeared on ice cliffs. Due to the insufficient number of telescopes, it is only possible to estimate that there are more than 20 layers consisting of snow and blue-green ice. .
On both sides of the U-shaped valley, many inverted three-long, two-rock piles were formed where there were no developed glaciers. The inverted rock piles formed due to the effects of cold weathering are of different sizes, but they are composed of large and small mixed, slightly sorted, and unpolished gravels. There are obvious signs of collapse on the exposed base slopes.
2. Overview of modern glaciers The strong role of the Quaternary glaciers has led to the development of many high and steep angle peaks and U-shaped valleys in the mountainous uplift of the Himalayan Himalayan movement. The central peak height is 7117 meters, and the east peak height is 7046 meters. The shape of Dongfeng resembles that of Mount Everest.
The glacier near the Central Peak is a concentrated and relatively large group of glaciers. It extends about 50 kilometers from the central peak to the northeast and southwest, and is gradually pinched. Its center is composed of four peaks of more than 7,000 meters. Glacier, the largest about 5 km.
The development of the glaciers here is greatly affected by the terrain. The northwest slopes with steep cliffs develop overhanging glaciers, while the more moderate southeast slopes develop a large number of horizontal glaciers. The location of the glaciers is generally higher. The end of the glaciers in the valley is generally 5,300-5,400 meters high. The end of the glaciers can be as high as 5,600-5,700 meters, and the snow-capped lines are as high as 5,800 meters. The sides and ends of modern glaciers are well developed and preserved. The height of the levees is generally 50 to 100 meters. The signs of glaciers' pauses and retreats are fresh and obvious. The ancient glaciers, which are roughly horseshoe shaped, are widely distributed. According to these geomorphological features, the glaciers on the Nyainqentanglha Mountain once retreated strongly and are still shrinking.
Ice collapses and avalanches are common in Nyainqentanglha Mountain. Because of the steep terrain on the mountains, ice and snow often hang on the cliffs. When the snow thickness increases and the temperature changes, the huge ice cubes fall down from the cliffs and new ice cliffs appear. We saw a lot of avalanches on the opposite hillside during the mountaineering. In the steep slopes and northwest slopes, snow cannot remain on the slopes. Only snow peaks accumulate on the mountain peaks and are developed into spectacular snowballs by the powerful northwesterly winds. The central peak is such a huge ferret. See photos). Such strong ice collapses and avalanches are rare in other mountain systems. Ice collapse and avalanche are one of the sources of noon supply for modern glaciers. Ice and snow that have collapsed accumulate on the back wall of the snow basin. After being compacted and recrystallized, they become the source of glaciers.
Third, the observation of the ice surface and glaciers. Take the glacier in the southeast of the East Peak as an example. The glacier is a shrinking ice hopper, which is about 2 kilometers long. The glacier terminal is about 5,500 meters high and flows southeast. The snow line is 5700 meters high. . The end of the glaciers is strongly dissipated, with tall ice-tower forests, some as high as 6 meters, and an ice-water lake at the front. Glacial ice and ice cracks develop on the ice, and there is basically no snow, and there is some snow at the lower part. There are also some surface flaws on the ice surface. Due to the presence of these surface flaws, the glaciers undergo differential ablation and form a honeycomb surface. Glacier side grate is also very developed, with a side elevation of about 10 meters.
There are less obvious ice collapses on the leading edge of the snow basin, with blue and blue ice layers exposed; behind it is an avalanche, ice-collapse material falling on a cliff, and there are some weathered and frozen weather in the snow basin. The bedrock material that has collapsed is represented by glacier surface flaws and internal flaws.
Because of the high altitude of the glaciers and the low temperatures, the amount of ablation is not very large. The ice surface is only a small ice stream, but the glaciers have a wide erosional channel that develops on the pebble slope. The glaciers had once been strongly melted before. The glaciers have not seen the phenomenon of pollution. The glaciers have pure and transparent glacial ice inside. The structure of the ice is compact and brittle. The shell-shaped fractures can be seen when it breaks, and the bubbles in the ice are flat and horizontally arranged. On the cliff above 6,500 meters behind the snow basin, a layer of horizontal layered layers appeared on ice cliffs. Due to the insufficient number of telescopes, it is only possible to estimate that there are more than 20 layers consisting of snow and blue-green ice. .
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