Humanity has entered the 21st century. Looking back at the past one thousand years and one hundred years, the scientific and technological advancements in the field of printing have made great contributions to disseminating knowledge and information and promoting the development of human civilized society. For example, the movable type printing technique invented by China in 1041~1048 created a precedent for modern printing; in 1440, the alloy movable type printing technique created by Gutenberg in Germany laid the foundation for modern printing; in the United States in 1860, rotary printing machines appeared; Cardboard camera was invented in 1885; manual imagesetters were made in 1910; electronic screening machines in the 1970s; desktop publishing systems (DTP) appeared around 1986; computer-to-plate systems emerged around 1998; Computer direct printing systems (all known as CTP), etc. Nowadays, developed countries are discussing how to establish an information highway as soon as possible on the basis of the highways that have already been built, so as to occupy as much market share as possible in the world economy. However, developing countries are also seriously discussing how to build a network of material highways and strengthen the establishment of their own information highways and networks to ensure rapid development of their own countries and integrate them into the world economy as quickly as possible. In such a forward wave of historical development, the printing industry, which is spreading knowledge and transmitting information, is undergoing tremendous changes. The author put forward some opinions on the impact of information technology on the printing industry and how to deal with it, for the reference of the industry.
I. Status and problems of the industry
Industry Status:
According to statistics from last year, there are 180,000 printing companies in the country and 2 million employees. There were 13,000 publishing and printing companies, including 36,000 printing companies and 130,000 other printing companies.
The newspapers and periodicals industry has basically achieved the industry's goal in the 8th Five-Year Plan - "Laser scheduling, electronic color separation, offset printing, and binding linkage."
In recent years, on average, various kinds of publications have been printed and printed: 100,000 kinds of books, 2,500 kinds of newspapers, 8,000 kinds of magazines, and tens of thousands of multimedia electronic publications such as audio and video.
The printing industry has formed a number of large-scale companies and enterprises that have begun to take shape, such as Peking University Founder, Huaguang Group, Beiren Group, Shanghai Printing & Packaging Company, Yingkou Copier Co., Ltd., Henan No. 2 Glue Factory, and Tangshan Yuyin Group.
Chinese laser photocopying system has reached the international advanced level. Founder and Huaguang's color electronic publishing system is the world leader in Chinese character information processing technology. Books and periodicals printing widely use color desktop publishing systems.
Of the more than 300 billion words in the newspapers and periodicals, more than 50% use laser images, two-thirds use offset printing, and 80% use electronic patterns.
The average printing cycle was shortened to 100 days (50 days in developed countries).
The production quality has been increasing year by year. The production quality in Shenzhen, Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and the open coastal areas has been on average higher than that in other regions.
There is a problem:
The vast majority of prepress system equipment depends on imports; the main image processing software relies on imported software; Chinese font outline is not international, repeated development, wasting a lot of manpower and material resources; standard electronic files that can be used on different computer platforms have not yet been obtained. Widespread promotion; the platform that can be compatible with all kinds of simplified Chinese character codes in the world has not yet been unified.
The production level, variety, and quality specifications of medium and high-end printing machinery are still far from meeting the demand, and the export capacity is weak.
The variety and quality of printing equipment cannot meet the requirements. High-end products rely on imports, and the production capacity of middle and low-grade products is surplus.
The level of post-press processing equipment and the level of technology are not high, and only mid-range and low-end equipment can be produced. The quality of post-press processing products is mostly middle and low.
The per capita possession of newspapers and magazines is low, and it has been for many years. In 1997, for example, the magazine had 1.96 copies per capita, 61.5 copies per newspaper/1,000 person days, and 5.9 books. The annual export volume of printed publications is only a few thousandths of the world market.
Many domestic printing companies pay great attention to the hardware construction of their own technological transformation, and they have invested a lot of funds. However, in the system integration and construction, process design, and the corresponding software construction supporting the hardware, there are often unmatched and easy to emerge. Production "bottleneck", quality management can not go and other issues.
The printing of the 21st century will develop into an all-digital process. With the resolution of China’s WTO issues, the printing industry will face increasingly fierce competition both at home and abroad. The requirements for the basic qualities of talents for enterprises will increase, and many leaders of printing companies have not made necessary preparations. The basic quality of employees must be improved.
For state-owned printing companies of all sizes, the complete enterprise system reform is an inevitable process. Prescriptive plans and production tasks with monopolistic nature will sooner or later be replaced by market competition. There are still many unsatisfactory places, and this is far from complete with change.
Second, the application of information technology in the printing industry
The new century is an information society. Information has become one of the most important pillars of modern society. The capitalist will gradually withdraw from knowing the family. The most important feature of the economics of the information society is the digital economy. The digital economy is supported by computers and networks. The sooner the industry realizes a fully digital workflow, the more prosperous the industry is. In the information society, if a company cannot create and retain a group of high-quality talent at all levels, it cannot avoid failure. The printing industry belongs to the field of information dissemination. The expression of information and the carrier of information are undergoing major changes with the rapid advancement of science and technology. The concept that the printing industry must adapt to such changes is being recognized by people in the industry.
Information technology (referred to as IT, Information Technology) is based on the computer and Internet as the platform, and integrates the latest achievements in the fields of optics, mechanics, electricity, automatic control, and new information recording materials. It is highly efficient and high-quality to transmit all types of information. New technology. The application of IT in the printing industry has begun, for example:
· The production of various raw and auxiliary materials for the dissemination of information is controlled by computer applications. Such as PS version of the production line, printing paper production line, a variety of optical disc production lines, ink production lines, flexible production lines, CTP plate production line and so on.
· Prepress equipment is computer-centric and integrates the application of new optical and electromechanical technologies to work in a networked environment. Such as various types of scanners, digital cameras, image processing equipment (computer + software), graphic output host (computer + RIP), laser printers, color inkjet, laser imagesetter, punching machine, platesetters, etc. .
· Prepress system software is used to the fullest in information technology. Such as: text typesetting system software, image processing software, graphics processing software, graphic group version software, color management software, trapping software, web production software, multimedia production software, three-dimensional design software, newspaper publishing software and so on.
· Printing equipment gradually realizes automation and computer control. Such as: four-color or even ten color with CPC window and automatic version of the offset press, high-speed multi-color offset press, multi-color gravure, multi-color flexo printing machine.
Digital proofing has gradually begun to be applied in China.
· The test and analysis equipment used in the printing industry has gradually achieved control, digital display and computer control. Such as: transmission reflection densitometer, display screen colorimetric analyzer, color difference meter, brightness meter, printability instrument, flexible version of fitness instrument, ink colorimeter, ink stickiness meter, paper brightness tester, paper smoothness Tester and so on.
Advanced printing companies are gradually implementing computer-aided management of printing companies. Such as: computer quote system, computer-aided production management system, computer contract management system, personnel management system, salary management system, equipment management system, warehouse management system and so on.
· The quality management of advanced printing companies has gradually realized the quality assurance with IS09002 for printing production.
III. Challenges Brought by Information Technology Since the late 1980s, advances in information technology have had a huge impact on the printing industry. From the following aspects can be seen:
• Graphic editing, typesetting, processing, and even color separation, grouping, and proofing, which were previously part of the printing industry, have now been completed by the printing company's client application desktop publishing system. Many printing companies have a serious downturn in their pre-press production tasks.
• The previous image transmission has been the status of paper as a carrier and must not be shaken. Now multimedia electronic publications have severely impacted the status of paper carriers. For example, the famous Encyclopedia Britannica has been changed to be published on CD-ROM; China Encyclopedia has 66 subjects, 120 million words, 50,000 photos, and only a total of 24 CDs.
· Society is increasingly demanding the dissemination of graphic and textual information (high quality, high efficiency and reasonable price).
· The cycle of equipment updates, technology updates, and material updates is getting shorter and shorter. This raises higher demands on business leaders. What new technology is used, what new equipment and new materials are purchased, and what process route is determined not by the previous person's brains but by repeated argumentations, seminars, investigations, and consultations.
· The rise of online publishing will prompt the printing industry to determine countermeasures as soon as possible. Whether its position in the printing industry will further decline.
• The upgrading of corporate equipment is faster than the improvement of the quality of employees, resulting in the inefficiency of many new equipment and the lack of guarantees for the quality of production.
Faced with the development trend of information technology in the industry, companies must respond. It is now evident that computer and network technologies are playing an increasingly important role in enterprises; the entire process of printing production will be digitized; the production of printed products will not be subject to geographical restrictions; enterprises can accept orders and deliver goods from the Internet. Graphic information and arrangement of production; competition among enterprises in terms of quality, production efficiency, service, and price will also be fiercer; enterprises' production, product quality, environment and personnel management will gradually be incorporated into various norms and standards that must be implemented. in.
The above-mentioned challenges urgently require that business leaders should stand in the strategic height of the information processing service industry in the information age to think and practice.
Fourth, to meet the challenges of countermeasures
A careful analysis of the 28-character guideline for the development of China's printing industry from the third quarter of the Ninth Five-Year Plan to the year 2010 (this 28-character word is: "Prepress digital network, printing multi-color high-efficiency, multi-press automation after printing, high-quality systematization of equipment" The connotation of these 28 words is quite rich. We should focus on this general direction and start our own work. E.g:
• The printing companies that have made single copies of papers and texts have gradually been transformed into "information replication companies" that can take on multimedia and gradually diversify their products.
As soon as possible with the main customer's computer network, experiments and implementation of the text editorial information received from the Internet, the experiment assisted by the computer to integrate the entire process.
· The procurement of raw materials is gradually applied to e-commerce.
· Production quality management The full application of the IS0 9000 quality assurance system standard and the acquisition and maintenance of the IS0 9002 certificate are likely to be prerequisites for the company to go to large domestic and foreign markets.
· Focus on the promotion and application of new technologies, and strive to coordinate the entire production process before and after, to maximize the benefits. Always pay attention to the latest developments in industry science and technology.
· Accelerate the training or introduction of various specialized talents in a planned way and create a better working and living environment for key personnel.
• Establish more and closer links with universities to link schools with enterprises so that enterprises can become a practice base for the colleges and provide more practical opportunities for teachers and students to train and absorb talents and help enterprises develop.
· Internally, the company implements computer networking and gradually establishes various databases to achieve the use of computer-assisted procurement of raw materials, quotation, production management, quality management, employee management, inventory management, and salary management. In turn, computer-aided analysis and decision making on the state of the business are realized.
· Build your own web page and advertise your company's capabilities, strengths, positioning, and supply and demand on relevant web pages.
With the advent of the digital economy in the information era, the reorganization of printing enterprise mechanisms, the entire process of production to achieve digitalization, the diversification of enterprise products, and the production quality of the entire production process are completely controlled according to various standards. Although talents continue to flow, but the backbone of the overall staff The quality will gradually increase, the computer
I. Status and problems of the industry
Industry Status:
According to statistics from last year, there are 180,000 printing companies in the country and 2 million employees. There were 13,000 publishing and printing companies, including 36,000 printing companies and 130,000 other printing companies.
The newspapers and periodicals industry has basically achieved the industry's goal in the 8th Five-Year Plan - "Laser scheduling, electronic color separation, offset printing, and binding linkage."
In recent years, on average, various kinds of publications have been printed and printed: 100,000 kinds of books, 2,500 kinds of newspapers, 8,000 kinds of magazines, and tens of thousands of multimedia electronic publications such as audio and video.
The printing industry has formed a number of large-scale companies and enterprises that have begun to take shape, such as Peking University Founder, Huaguang Group, Beiren Group, Shanghai Printing & Packaging Company, Yingkou Copier Co., Ltd., Henan No. 2 Glue Factory, and Tangshan Yuyin Group.
Chinese laser photocopying system has reached the international advanced level. Founder and Huaguang's color electronic publishing system is the world leader in Chinese character information processing technology. Books and periodicals printing widely use color desktop publishing systems.
Of the more than 300 billion words in the newspapers and periodicals, more than 50% use laser images, two-thirds use offset printing, and 80% use electronic patterns.
The average printing cycle was shortened to 100 days (50 days in developed countries).
The production quality has been increasing year by year. The production quality in Shenzhen, Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and the open coastal areas has been on average higher than that in other regions.
There is a problem:
The vast majority of prepress system equipment depends on imports; the main image processing software relies on imported software; Chinese font outline is not international, repeated development, wasting a lot of manpower and material resources; standard electronic files that can be used on different computer platforms have not yet been obtained. Widespread promotion; the platform that can be compatible with all kinds of simplified Chinese character codes in the world has not yet been unified.
The production level, variety, and quality specifications of medium and high-end printing machinery are still far from meeting the demand, and the export capacity is weak.
The variety and quality of printing equipment cannot meet the requirements. High-end products rely on imports, and the production capacity of middle and low-grade products is surplus.
The level of post-press processing equipment and the level of technology are not high, and only mid-range and low-end equipment can be produced. The quality of post-press processing products is mostly middle and low.
The per capita possession of newspapers and magazines is low, and it has been for many years. In 1997, for example, the magazine had 1.96 copies per capita, 61.5 copies per newspaper/1,000 person days, and 5.9 books. The annual export volume of printed publications is only a few thousandths of the world market.
Many domestic printing companies pay great attention to the hardware construction of their own technological transformation, and they have invested a lot of funds. However, in the system integration and construction, process design, and the corresponding software construction supporting the hardware, there are often unmatched and easy to emerge. Production "bottleneck", quality management can not go and other issues.
The printing of the 21st century will develop into an all-digital process. With the resolution of China’s WTO issues, the printing industry will face increasingly fierce competition both at home and abroad. The requirements for the basic qualities of talents for enterprises will increase, and many leaders of printing companies have not made necessary preparations. The basic quality of employees must be improved.
For state-owned printing companies of all sizes, the complete enterprise system reform is an inevitable process. Prescriptive plans and production tasks with monopolistic nature will sooner or later be replaced by market competition. There are still many unsatisfactory places, and this is far from complete with change.
Second, the application of information technology in the printing industry
The new century is an information society. Information has become one of the most important pillars of modern society. The capitalist will gradually withdraw from knowing the family. The most important feature of the economics of the information society is the digital economy. The digital economy is supported by computers and networks. The sooner the industry realizes a fully digital workflow, the more prosperous the industry is. In the information society, if a company cannot create and retain a group of high-quality talent at all levels, it cannot avoid failure. The printing industry belongs to the field of information dissemination. The expression of information and the carrier of information are undergoing major changes with the rapid advancement of science and technology. The concept that the printing industry must adapt to such changes is being recognized by people in the industry.
Information technology (referred to as IT, Information Technology) is based on the computer and Internet as the platform, and integrates the latest achievements in the fields of optics, mechanics, electricity, automatic control, and new information recording materials. It is highly efficient and high-quality to transmit all types of information. New technology. The application of IT in the printing industry has begun, for example:
· The production of various raw and auxiliary materials for the dissemination of information is controlled by computer applications. Such as PS version of the production line, printing paper production line, a variety of optical disc production lines, ink production lines, flexible production lines, CTP plate production line and so on.
· Prepress equipment is computer-centric and integrates the application of new optical and electromechanical technologies to work in a networked environment. Such as various types of scanners, digital cameras, image processing equipment (computer + software), graphic output host (computer + RIP), laser printers, color inkjet, laser imagesetter, punching machine, platesetters, etc. .
· Prepress system software is used to the fullest in information technology. Such as: text typesetting system software, image processing software, graphics processing software, graphic group version software, color management software, trapping software, web production software, multimedia production software, three-dimensional design software, newspaper publishing software and so on.
· Printing equipment gradually realizes automation and computer control. Such as: four-color or even ten color with CPC window and automatic version of the offset press, high-speed multi-color offset press, multi-color gravure, multi-color flexo printing machine.
Digital proofing has gradually begun to be applied in China.
· The test and analysis equipment used in the printing industry has gradually achieved control, digital display and computer control. Such as: transmission reflection densitometer, display screen colorimetric analyzer, color difference meter, brightness meter, printability instrument, flexible version of fitness instrument, ink colorimeter, ink stickiness meter, paper brightness tester, paper smoothness Tester and so on.
Advanced printing companies are gradually implementing computer-aided management of printing companies. Such as: computer quote system, computer-aided production management system, computer contract management system, personnel management system, salary management system, equipment management system, warehouse management system and so on.
· The quality management of advanced printing companies has gradually realized the quality assurance with IS09002 for printing production.
III. Challenges Brought by Information Technology Since the late 1980s, advances in information technology have had a huge impact on the printing industry. From the following aspects can be seen:
• Graphic editing, typesetting, processing, and even color separation, grouping, and proofing, which were previously part of the printing industry, have now been completed by the printing company's client application desktop publishing system. Many printing companies have a serious downturn in their pre-press production tasks.
• The previous image transmission has been the status of paper as a carrier and must not be shaken. Now multimedia electronic publications have severely impacted the status of paper carriers. For example, the famous Encyclopedia Britannica has been changed to be published on CD-ROM; China Encyclopedia has 66 subjects, 120 million words, 50,000 photos, and only a total of 24 CDs.
· Society is increasingly demanding the dissemination of graphic and textual information (high quality, high efficiency and reasonable price).
· The cycle of equipment updates, technology updates, and material updates is getting shorter and shorter. This raises higher demands on business leaders. What new technology is used, what new equipment and new materials are purchased, and what process route is determined not by the previous person's brains but by repeated argumentations, seminars, investigations, and consultations.
· The rise of online publishing will prompt the printing industry to determine countermeasures as soon as possible. Whether its position in the printing industry will further decline.
• The upgrading of corporate equipment is faster than the improvement of the quality of employees, resulting in the inefficiency of many new equipment and the lack of guarantees for the quality of production.
Faced with the development trend of information technology in the industry, companies must respond. It is now evident that computer and network technologies are playing an increasingly important role in enterprises; the entire process of printing production will be digitized; the production of printed products will not be subject to geographical restrictions; enterprises can accept orders and deliver goods from the Internet. Graphic information and arrangement of production; competition among enterprises in terms of quality, production efficiency, service, and price will also be fiercer; enterprises' production, product quality, environment and personnel management will gradually be incorporated into various norms and standards that must be implemented. in.
The above-mentioned challenges urgently require that business leaders should stand in the strategic height of the information processing service industry in the information age to think and practice.
Fourth, to meet the challenges of countermeasures
A careful analysis of the 28-character guideline for the development of China's printing industry from the third quarter of the Ninth Five-Year Plan to the year 2010 (this 28-character word is: "Prepress digital network, printing multi-color high-efficiency, multi-press automation after printing, high-quality systematization of equipment" The connotation of these 28 words is quite rich. We should focus on this general direction and start our own work. E.g:
• The printing companies that have made single copies of papers and texts have gradually been transformed into "information replication companies" that can take on multimedia and gradually diversify their products.
As soon as possible with the main customer's computer network, experiments and implementation of the text editorial information received from the Internet, the experiment assisted by the computer to integrate the entire process.
· The procurement of raw materials is gradually applied to e-commerce.
· Production quality management The full application of the IS0 9000 quality assurance system standard and the acquisition and maintenance of the IS0 9002 certificate are likely to be prerequisites for the company to go to large domestic and foreign markets.
· Focus on the promotion and application of new technologies, and strive to coordinate the entire production process before and after, to maximize the benefits. Always pay attention to the latest developments in industry science and technology.
· Accelerate the training or introduction of various specialized talents in a planned way and create a better working and living environment for key personnel.
• Establish more and closer links with universities to link schools with enterprises so that enterprises can become a practice base for the colleges and provide more practical opportunities for teachers and students to train and absorb talents and help enterprises develop.
· Internally, the company implements computer networking and gradually establishes various databases to achieve the use of computer-assisted procurement of raw materials, quotation, production management, quality management, employee management, inventory management, and salary management. In turn, computer-aided analysis and decision making on the state of the business are realized.
· Build your own web page and advertise your company's capabilities, strengths, positioning, and supply and demand on relevant web pages.
With the advent of the digital economy in the information era, the reorganization of printing enterprise mechanisms, the entire process of production to achieve digitalization, the diversification of enterprise products, and the production quality of the entire production process are completely controlled according to various standards. Although talents continue to flow, but the backbone of the overall staff The quality will gradually increase, the computer
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