This false-color image shows the M87 galaxy. The right side of the image is the visible light band observation results, the data comes from the SDSS project, and the left side is the radio band observation results, the data comes from LOFAR. It can be seen that the brightness of the radio radiation at the central position is very high, indicating that this is the location of the black hole that drives the jet
This is a site of LOFAR antenna array equipment, located in Germany. The entire system includes 6 sites in Germany and 40 sites in the Netherlands. The main operating frequency of the device is 10 ~ 240 MHz
According to a report on October 31, Beijing time, according to the website of the Organization of Physicists, just as the symbiosis of living things is similar, there is a close connection between the galaxy and the black hole in its center, which has evolved together. Astronomers still don't know much about this symbiotic relationship. Some black holes are active and constantly engulfing matter. Some of this falling material was not swallowed into the black hole, but was bounced back and ejected outward in the form of a slender fluid at a speed close to the speed of light. When the velocity of this jet gradually decreases, it will form a thin giant sphere, even large enough to fit into a galaxy. This huge "bubble" is not visible in the visible band, but it is very obvious in the radio band. The LOFAR telescope recently built by the Dutch Institute of Radio Astronomy (ASTRON) through international cooperation is very suitable for observing such low-frequency celestial targets.
With the help of the LOFAR telescope observations in the 20-160MHz band, astronomers have constructed one of the best quality images of this "bubbles" to date. Francesco de Gasperin, the first author of the study ’s paper, said: “This result is very important. It shows the great potential of the LOFAR telescope, thus providing conclusive evidence that the black hole and its host galaxy The interrelationship between environments. "
This image was acquired during the test shooting phase of the LOFAR device. The target was the giant elliptical galaxy M87, a member of the galaxy at the core of Virgo. The size of M87 is equivalent to 2000 times that of the Milky Way, and its core has the most massive black hole known to man so far, with a mass of 6 billion times that of the Sun. Every minute this black hole devours material equivalent to an earth, transforming part of it into radiation, while most of it becomes a super-velocity particle jet, and it is this jet structure that generates the radio electricity observed by astronomers radiation. Professor Heino Falcke from the University of Nemegen in the Netherlands said: "This is the first time such high-quality images have been obtained at such a low frequency."
He said: "This is a challenging observation. We didn't expect it to be so fast. We obtained such wonderful results in the LOFAR test phase." To determine the age of this bubble structure, the researchers used the location in New Mexico, USA. The State Very Large Antenna Array (VLA) and the 100-meter radio telescope in Bonn, Germany, observed at different frequencies. As a result, scientists discovered that the age of this bubble is surprisingly young, and its formation is only about 40 million years ago. This concept is almost "just now" on the universe scale.
Observations conducted in the low-frequency band did not reveal the presence of remnant radiation outside this bubble structure layer, which shows that this bubble is not just the remnants left after the formation of an event a long time ago, but is still constantly getting from the internal central black hole Particle flow supplement. Andrea Merloni of the Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics in Germany said: "The most interesting thing is that this result also shows a dramatic matter-energy transition that occurs very close to the black hole Process. In this case, the black hole was very efficient in accelerating the jet, but inefficient in generating visible radiation. "
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