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Plasticizers are chemical additives that increase the softness or liquefaction of materials. They are widely used in construction materials, industry, electrical appliances, clothing and footwear, chemicals, food packaging, medical equipment, solvents, adhesives, artificial leather, cosmetics, inks, Car interior and other aspects. Every year the overall demand for plasticizers in the world is as high as several million tons. There are more than 100 types of plasticizers, among which phthalates are the most commonly encountered in daily life, including DEHP, DBP, BBP and DEP, which are defined by research institutions as "the most controversial" , The most dangerous plasticizer. "
North America is currently the region with the strictest control over plasticizers. In the United States, phthalates such as DEHP are restricted by legislation for use in toys, children ’s products, and any products that can be imported. The upper limit of DEHP, DBP, BBP, DIDP, DINP, and DNOP are all 0.1%, and food packaging The use of DEHP is strictly prohibited; in Canada, since 2007, any baby bottles containing phthalate plasticizers have been banned from the market, so that the glass bottles that once disappeared have become the mainstream varieties on the market. The restriction on DEHP is stricter than that in the United States, and the content in children's toy materials, food and beverages must be zero.
Except for the United States and Canada, only a few countries in the world, such as France, Denmark, and Switzerland, have set "hard targets" to restrict plasticizers, but they are far less severe than North America. Both the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) stipulate that the daily DEHP intake per kilogram of body weight per person should not be higher than 20 micrograms, while the EU upper limit standard of 37 micrograms is almost the same as that in North America. Times.
Despite strict prevention, the United States has repeatedly appeared "pollution storms" of plasticizers. In July 2011, the Hong Kong Food Safety Center found DEHP that exceeded 66% and DBP that exceeded 86% in the "Medical Primrose Oil" imported from the United States. Due to the continuous detection of plasticizers in the human body, food and environment, the relevant US agencies have issued four major countermeasures to prevent plasticizers from exceeding the standard: listing the plasticizer blacklist, listing food packaging as a key supervision project, and establishing a responsible person supervision system And to ensure that information is open and transparent.
The US Environmental Protection Agency has launched the "Plasticizer Action Plan" in 2009 to control and control eight plasticizers with obvious toxicity, and to list them in the US Toxic Substances Control and Concern List and the Toxic Substance Emissions List. FDA and other departments have strengthened cooperation and supervision.
According to a reporter stationed in the United States, the US Environmental Protection Agency only has clear rules on the use of DEHP among these eight plasticizers. For example, plastic containers or packaging films containing DEHP components can only be used to package foods with high water content. Will reduce the contamination of food by DEHP. The researchers found that, from the point of view of human endurance, DEHP is 20 times more toxic than melamine.
Secondly, the FDA has also designated food packaging as an important regulatory item and classified it as a major control category. The Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of the United States stipulates that "food contact substances" must be prepared for food production, packaging, and transportation, and will not have a "technical impact" on the food safety of packaged food. The so-called "food contact substances" include polymers (such as plastic packaging materials), colors and antioxidants used in polymers, canned paints, adhesives, and paper, paperboard used in food production, as well as antifungal agents, etc. Biological agent, bottle cap sealant, etc. The FDA claims that the so-called food safety, in addition to the safety of additives and raw materials, must include the safety of "food contact substances".
Recently, Chinese alcohol brands have been exposed to a large number of plasticizers, and the three plasticizers detected are phthalic acid (2-ethyl) (DEHP), diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP) and o-benzene Dibutyl dicarboxylate (DBP) is listed on the list of toxic plasticizers in the United States. Ms. Tao, who received a doctorate in chemistry and engaged in related work in the United States, believes that these toxic plasticizers may come from the production itself, or from plastic containers used in production, storage and transportation. Different from water, wine is easier to dissolve certain chemicals, and the longer it is left, the more it dissolves. Ms. Tao called on the research personnel of the winery to check every production and packaging link to find out the problem and solve it quickly.
Again, the FDA often sends inspectors to major pharmaceutical companies across the country for inspection to ensure scientific supervision and open and transparent information. All of these inspectors have a Ph.D. degree, and their majors are aligned with the scope of the inspection. At the same time, inspectors are responsible for their inspection results. If something goes wrong, they will first affect their academic reputation. If its collusion with manufacturers is found to be fraudulent, it will not only lose its rice bowl, but also be dealt with by law, and it will be infamous since then. As for manufacturers, they dare not easily collude with the inspectors. Once an accident occurs, they will not only be subject to huge fines, the factory will be closed, and they may also be involved in lawsuits. In addition, U.S. government agencies have publicly released a list of unqualified products on the official website to remind the public.
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