The connection between the scorpion and the leg of the big table or the big cabinet, such as the intersection of the hanger, the head of the four-headed official chair, the handrail and the leg, or the squatting of the stool, the chair and the ankle The legs and feet intersect, and the horizontal and vertical splicing of the bed and the table and the flowers are all examples of T-shaped joints.
"Museum Collection" Ming and Qing furniture square T-shaped joint
The T-shaped joint is divided into round and square, and the two methods are different.
First look at the T-shaped joint of the round material. If the horizontal and vertical materials are the same, the outer skin of the scorpion is shoulder, and the scorpion is left in the middle. For example, if the legs are thicker than the scorpions, for example, if the legs and the squats of the shackle are not intersected, if the laps are not crossed, the rind of the scorpion will retreat, and the skin of the legs and feet will not be on a plane, and the scorpion is still inside. The outer skin is shoulder-shouldered, and the scorpion is left in the center of the crescent-shaped recess.
If the circle is crossed, take the foot of the circle chair and the leg and foot as an example. The outer skin of the scorpion and the skin of the leg and foot are on a flat surface. The method is to make the middle part of the scorpion and the outer part of the shoulder. Such a scorpion has a large gap under the shoulders, and there is a floating silt, which is known as the “floating shoulderâ€. The Beijing craftsman is also like the mouth of the mouth, so it is called the "shoulder shoulder"
Round T-shaped joint (horizontal and vertical thickness)
Round T-shaped joints (thin horizontal, vertical, and non-circular)
Round T-shaped joints (thin horizontal, vertical, rough, and shoulder)
The T-shaped joint of the square material generally uses the "shoulders" of the intersecting circle. It also has the distinction of "big shoulders" and "small shoulders".
Further reading: Analysis of the structure of classical furniture in the Ming and Qing Dynasties
The "big shoulder" is the so-called "small tip" of Song's "Building French" small wooden system, and the "small shoulder" deliberately cuts off the tip of the shoulder. In this way, when the blinking is done on the vertical material, less can be cut, so as to improve the firmness of the vertical material.
Square T-shaped joints (small shoulders)
The same is a large shoulder, and there are two methods of wearing and not holding the skin. The shoulder part and the rectangular impotence are put together, which is a shoulder without a clip. It is also called a “solid shoulderâ€. The shoulder between the shoulder part and the impotence is also cut-and-slit, which is a shoulder-strapped shoulder, which is also called "virtual". Due to the opening of the clip, the adhesive surface is enlarged, which is stronger than that without the clip. However, if the material is not large, it will be more damaged due to the removal.
Square T-shaped joints (use large shoulders, solid shoulders)
Square T-shaped joints (use a large shoulder, virtual shoulder)
Some of the horizontal materials come from the straight and side sides of the straight material, and they all intersect with the straight line. The shackles used, small shoulders, large shoulders, solid shoulders, and virtual shoulders can all be seen in the examples. It should be pointed out that there are different ways of inserting straight lines that are invisible. Some of them are the same length, and they are opposite each other; some are long and short, not angled, long is a stick, and short is on a long beak.
Square T-shaped joints (two horizontal and straight feet, large shoulders, virtual shoulders, two out of the grid)
Square T-shaped joints (two horizontal and straight feet, large shoulders, virtual shoulders, two 榫 榫 ))
The T-shaped joint also has the so-called "shoulder shoulders" method of not using the shoulders, also known as "to touch the head." It is often used only when the horizontal and vertical materials do not overlap.
Square T-shaped joints
Or use it when the legs are in the outer circle and the scorpions are long rounds. They are also difficult to use when they are difficult to overlap. If the horizontal and vertical materials are square and on a flat surface, then only rough furniture will not be shoulders, but the shoulders will be used. It is worth noting that the refined Ming and Qing Dynasty chairs, most of them are all-side shoulders, the rougher ones are shoulders, the sides and backs are shoulders; the rougher sides are all shoulders. From this, it can be seen that in the minds of artisans, the shoulders are a simple and unobtrusive method.
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