Ergonomics and industrial design have a lot of consistency in basic thinking and work content: The basic theory of ergonomics “product design should fit the person’s physiology, psychological factors†and the basic concept of industrial design “Products created should be at the same time Satisfy people's material and cultural needs", the meaning is basically the same, with a little different emphasis; industrial design and ergonomics are also the study of the relationship between people and things, research on the interface between people and things, different from the project Design (based on the relationship between research and processing of "objects and things").
As industrial design incorporates more aesthetic and other cultural factors in its historical development, the work field also includes visual communication design, and ergonomics is widely used in labor and management science. the difference. Industrial design is a comprehensive planning activity. It is a combination of technology and art. At the same time, it is subject to various constraints and influences such as environment/society, culture, and economy. Industrial design is a function and form, and technology. With the unification of art, the starting point of industrial design is people, the purpose of design is to be people rather than products, and industrial design must follow the laws of nature and objective. These three items clearly demonstrate that modern industrial design emphasizes “use†and “beauty The "high degree of unity," "material" and "people" perfect combination of advanced technology and a wide range of social needs as the basis of design style, in short, the dominant idea of ​​industrial design is people-centered, focusing on research "Coordination between people and people."
Ergonomics is known in the United States as human engineering "HUMAN ENGINEERING" and human factors engineering "HUMAN FACTORS (ENGINEERING)", it is known in Europe as "ERGONOMICS", biotechnology, engineering psychology, application Experimental Psychology and Human Conditioning Wait. Japan calls it "human engineering". In addition to the above-mentioned names in China, there are still translations into ergonomics, pleasant learning, ergonomics, ergonomics, operational engineering, institutional equipment utilization, ergonomics, etc. . The ergonomic nomenclature has fully demonstrated that the discipline is a combination of “human science†and “engineering technologyâ€. In fact, this discipline is the product of human science and environmental science. It constantly infiltrates and crosses engineering science. It is based on Anthropology, biology, psychology, hygiene, anatomy, biomechanics, anthropometry, etc. in science are “one limbâ€; environmental science, environmental medicine, environmental hygiene, environmental psychology in environmental science The disciplines such as environmental monitoring technology are "other limbs," and the disciplines such as industrial design, industrial economy, systems engineering, traffic engineering, and enterprise management in the technical sciences constitute the "trunk" and form the system of the discipline. The ergonomics system is a comprehensive edge discipline, and its research area is multifaceted. It can be said that it has a close relationship with various departments of the national economy. Due to the difference in social division of labor, it is divided into two categories: professional and non-professional.
Occupation refers to professional activities in the design and processing of tools, equipment, and environment in the creation of material and spiritual civilizations. In this category, ergonomics is used to create a highly efficient, optimized, and perfect human physiological and demanding environment. The “man-machine-environment†system; the non-professional category refers to self-service categories such as housekeeping activities, rest and recreational activities, etc. In this category, ergonomics is used to create high efficiency, reduce fatigue, and help the body and mind A healthy, high-quality life. In a word, ergonomics not only benefits the specialized creative activities of specialized division of labor, but also benefits humanity's large areas of life. It is not only suitable for the creation of production tools, equipment and environment, but also for people's entire life, entertainment, rest, work, Learning and other fields.
Obviously, research and application of ergonomic principles and methods have become new topics for designers. The content of ergonomics research and its role in design disciplines can be summarized as follows: Provide human scale parameters for consideration of “human factors†in industrial design: Apply anthropometrics, ergonomics, physiology, psychology and other disciplines The research method studies the structure characteristics and muscle energy characteristics of the human body, and provides the dimensions, body weight, body surface area, specific gravity, center of gravity of each part of the human body, and the relationship and reach of the various parts of the human body during activity. Some dynamic parameters, such as the range of force, range of motion, speed of movement, frequency, center of gravity, and inertia of movement, analyze human visual, auditory, tactile, olfactory, and muscle energy characteristics of the limb sensory organs, and analyze the physiological changes of people during labor. , energy consumption, fatigue, and the ability to adapt to a variety of labor loads, to explore the factors that affect people's psychological state at work, and the impact of psychological factors on work efficiency.
The ergonomics study provides a comprehensive consideration of “human factors†for industrial design, which provides data on human body structure, human physiological scale and human psychological scale. These data can be effectively used in industrial design. To provide scientific basis for the functional rationality of "products" in industrial design: In modern industrial design, creative activities such as engaging in pure material functions do not take into account the needs of ergonomics, which would be the failure of creative activities. Therefore, how to solve the "product" and human-related optimization of various functions to create a "product" in harmony with the human physiological and psychological muscle energy, which will be a new topic in the function of today's industrial design .
The principles and laws of ergonomics will take into consideration the issues designers face before designing. To provide design criteria for consideration of "environmental factors" in industrial design: By studying the human body's response and adaptability to various physical factors in the environment, we will analyze the physiology of the human body by environmental factors such as sound, light, heat, vibration, dust, and toxic gases. The psychological and work efficiency impact procedures determine the range of comfort and safety limits for various environments in which people are engaged in production and life activities. They must consider the concept of industrial design from the perspective of ensuring the health, safety, fit and efficiency of the human body. "Environmental factors" provide design methods and design guidelines.
The above points fully demonstrate that ergonomics has opened up new design ideas for industrial design and provided unique design methods and theoretical basis. Social development, technological advancement, product renewal, and tight life rhythm all inevitably lead to changes in the "product" quality concept. People will pay more attention to the evaluation of "convenience", "comfort", "reliability", "value", "security", and "efficiency", and the development and application of ergonomics and other marginal disciplines will also have to be evaluated. The level of industrial design mentions the new height that people are pursuing.